Category Archives: Anatomy

Development of genital structures in males and females

Posted by admin on March 6, 2012 No comments

Genital structures in males Genital tubercle -Glans penis Urogenital sinus -Corpus spongiosum,Bulbourethral glands(Cowpers),Prostrate Urogenital folds -Ventral shaft of penis Labioscrotal swelling -Scrotum Gubernaculum -Gubernaculum testis Mesonephric/Wolffian duct -Epididymis,Ejaculatory duct,Ductus deferens Paramesonephric/Mullerian duct -Appendix of testis,prostatic utricle Genital structures in females …

Derivatives of dorsal and ventral mesogastrium

Posted by admin on March 6, 2012 No comments

Derivatives of dorsal and ventral mesogastrium.

Diaphragm development

Posted by admin on August 24, 2011 No comments

Diaphragm develops from the following components: Septum transversum Pleuroperitoneal membranes Ventral and dorsal mesenteries of esophagus Mesoderm of body wall Cervical myotomes Septum transversum forms the central tendon of the diaphragm

Vertebral artery segments and branches

Posted by admin on July 27, 2011 No comments

Vertebral artery arises from the first part of Subclavian artery. Vertebral artery is the first and the largest part of Subclavian artery. Divisions of vertebral artery V1 segment – From origin to transverse process of C6 vertebra V2 segment- Runs …

Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs.

Posted by admin on June 23, 2011 No comments

Intraperitoneal Organs During development some organs grow inside the peritoneal cavity, these are called intra peritoneal organs Retroperitoneal Organs Some organs grow outside the peritoneal cavity, these are retroperitoneal organs eg:Kidney,Ureter. Secondary retroperitoneal organs Some organs grow in the intraperitoneal …

Basal ganglia and their classification

Posted by admin on June 23, 2011 No comments

The basal ganglia is an important part of the brain which program impulses from cerebral cortex and initiates motor activities through cerebellum and corticospinal tracts. Parkinsonism is a disorder in which there is decrease in the dopaminergic neurons in the …

Pain sensitive and pain insensitive intracranial structures.

Posted by admin on June 19, 2011 No comments

Pain sensitive Cranial venous sinuses with afferent veins Arteries at base of brain and arteries of dura eg:Middle meningeal artery Dura around venous sinuses and vessels Falx cerebri Pain Insensitive Brain parenchyma Ependyma Choroid plexus Piamater Arachnoid Dura over convexities …

Urogenital diaphragm

Posted by admin on June 18, 2011 No comments

Urogenital diaphragm is a triangular musculo fascial diaphragm situated in the anterior part of perineum filling the gap of the pubic arch. Components of urogenital diaphragm Deep transverse perinei muscles Sphincter urethrae Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm Inferior fascia of …

Anatomical snuffbox,boundaries and contents

Posted by admin on June 18, 2011 No comments

Anatomical snuffbox is a triangular depression on the lateral aspect of wrist distal to the radial styloid, it becomes prominent when the thumb is fully extended. Boundaries Lateral/Anterior wall Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Medial/Posterior wall Extensor pollicis longus …

Cranial Nerves and associated ganglia

Posted by admin on April 28, 2011 1 comment

Four cranial nerves ,CN III, VII, IX, Xcarry parasympathetic fibres as they emerge from brain stem. The Cranial nerves and their associated ganglia are mentioned below. Oculomotor – Ciliary ganglion. Facial – Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglion. Glossopharyngeal – Otic ganglion …

Features of Carpal bones and their centres of ossification.

Posted by admin on March 22, 2011 No comments

The name and sequence of carpal bones can be memorized using a simple mnemonic. Mnemonic: Please Take Little Susy To The Coffee House Pisiform Triqueteral Lunate Scaphoid Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate While counting start from pisiform which is the Medial …

Features of Prostatic,membranous and Penile urethra.

Posted by admin on March 22, 2011 No comments

Male Urethra Male urethra is 20 cm long and consists of 3 parts. The external urethral orifice is the narrowest part of male urethra. Prostatic urethra Length is 3cm Widest and most dilatable part of male urethra. Membranous urethra Lenght …

Mnemonic for 12 cranial nerves and their types.

Posted by admin on March 15, 2011 1 comment

We know that there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves which originate from the brain and brainstem. Remembering the names of these cranial nerves is easily mastered but it is difficult to remember their type ie whether they are Sensory …

Anatomical structures and their Origin in general

Posted by admin on February 15, 2011 No comments

Ectoderm Structures meeting the external environment are ectodermal in origin:Skin Mucous covering of parts of external orifices Oral cavity Anal canal Vagina Urethra Mesoderm Serous lining of body cavities and endothelial lining of CVS,lymphatics and lymphnodes Bone,muscle,cartilage Connective tissue of …

Nerves passing through Superior Orbital fissure

Posted by admin on February 10, 2011 No comments

This is one of the favorite questions of examiners and often the most confusing topic for students.I found this interesting mnemonic on net, it is wonderful as SONIA looks good but I don’t know how her liver is, so let …

Cranial nerves,functions and their exit routes from skull

Posted by admin on December 17, 2010 No comments

Interesting facts regarding cranial nerves. Olfactory nerve is the only sensory cranial nerve that projects directly to the cerebral cortex. Optic nerve terminates in thalamus Vagus nerve is the only cranial nerve which supplies in areas other than head …

Abduction of shoulder joint

Posted by admin on November 23, 2010 2 comments

Movement takes place in :Glenohumeral Joint 0-15 degree – Supraspinatus(Suprascapular N) 15-90 degree -Deltoid(axillary N) 90-120 degree- Deltoid+Short external rotators Movement takes place in:Scapulothoracic joint 120-180 degree- Serratus anterior(N to SA),trapezius(spinal accessory N)

Chorda tympani

Posted by admin on November 22, 2010 No comments

Chorda tympani is a branch of facial N It carries pre ganglnglionic secretomotor parasympathetic fibres that synapse in submandibular ganglion. It runs in close relation to tympanic membrane in middle ear and leaves middle ear through petrotympanic fissure. It joins …

Lymphatic drainage of uterus

Posted by admin on November 22, 2010 No comments

Funds and upper part of body Para aortic lymphnodes Partly to superficial inguinal lymphnodes Lower part of body External iliac LN Cervix External iliac Internal iliac Sacral

Prostate and prostatic urethra

Posted by admin on November 22, 2010 No comments

BPH is associated with enlargement of median lobe of the prostate. Posterior lobe is more prone to carcinoma. Prostatic urethra is widest and most dilatable part of urethra Prostatic urethra is concave anteriorly. Colliculus semilunaris is an elevation in the …

COUINAUD’S liver segments

Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments

Couinauds classification divides liver into 8 segments principally on the basis of: Position of 3hepatic veins and the main portal veins segment 1- caudate lobe segment 2 and 3-lateral segment of left lobe segment 4- medial segment of the …

Lymphatic drainage of tongue

Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments

Lymphatic drainage of tongue : 1. TIP OF TONGUE ——> SUBMENTAL 2. ANT 2/3RD LATERAL BORDER —–> IPSILATERAL SUBMANDIBULAR 3. ANT 2/3RD CENTRALLY ——-> SUBMANDIBULAR NODES ON BOTH SIDES 4. POST 1/3RD ——-> UPPER DEEP CERVICAL LYMPH NODES 5. FINAL …

Structures passing through skull foramina

Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments

Foramen Caecum small vein from nasal mucosa to superior sagital sinus Optic Canal Optic N Opthalmic artery Superior orbital fissure Lacrimal N Frontal N Trochlear N Oculomotor N Nasociliary N Abducens N Superior opthalmic vein Foramen rotundum Maxillary N Foramen …

Nerve Injuries

Posted by admin on November 11, 2010 No comments

MEDIAN NERVE [labourer's nerve]–C5,6,7,8,T1 Pen test Ape thumb Loss of opposition Pointing index Positive OSCHNER CLASP & BENEDICTION TEST If you ask an Ape to pick up a pen he wont be able to do so because his opposition has …

Femoral Triangle and contents

Posted by admin on November 3, 2010 No comments

Boundaries of femoral triangle Superiorly -Inguinal ligament Medially -Medial border of adductor longus Laterally- Medial border of sartorius Floor-from lateral to medial by Iliopsoas,Pectineus,Adductor longus. Roof-Fascia lata and cribriform fascia Contents-from Medial to lateral 1.Femoral sheath and its contents Femoral …

Common peroneal nerve and tibial Nerve

Posted by admin on November 3, 2010 No comments

Tibial N and common peroneal N are terminal branches of sciatic N Superficial and deep peroneal(Ant.tibial n) are terminal branches of common peroneal N Tibial N—–>Medial and Lateral plantar nerves Common peroneal N and its terminal branches lie in close …

Flexor and extensor retinaculum

Posted by admin on November 3, 2010 No comments

Structures passing beneath the flexor retinaculum From medial to lateral: Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Medial N Flexor pollicis longus Flexor carpi radialis 4 muscles and 1 nerve,ulnar bursa and radila bursa also lie deep to Flexor retinaculum Structures …

Membranes and Ligaments of Larynx

Posted by admin on October 29, 2010 No comments

Ligaments and membranes of Larynx are divided into extrinsic and intrinsic Membranes of Larynx Extrinsic-Thyrohyoid membrane Intrinsic-Quadrangular membrane,Cricothyroid membrane,conus elasticus Ligaments of larynx Extrinsic Median thyrohyoid ligament Lateral thyrohyoid ligament Hyoepiglottic ligament Cricotracheal ligament Intrinsic Anterior/median cricothyroid ligament Thyroepiglottic ligament. …

Lymphatic drainage of breast

Posted by admin on October 17, 2010 No comments

Anterior/Pectoral Group-Lateral Quadrant of breast,anterolateral abdominal wall. Posterior/Subscapular group-Axillary tail/Upper half of trunk posteriorly Lateral group-UL Central Group-From above groups Apical group-Receives Lymphatics from all the above groups

Genital ridge,wolffian duct,mullerian duct

Posted by admin on October 15, 2010 No comments

Development of female genital organs Genital ridge Infundibulopelvic ligament Ovary Ovarian ligament Round ligament Mullerian duct/Paramesonephric duct Fimbria Fallopian tube Uterus Upper 3/4th of vagina Wolffian duct/Mesonephric duct Epoopheron Paroopheron Development of male genital organs Mullerian duct Appendix of testis …

Cavernous sinus

Posted by admin on October 15, 2010 No comments

Relations Structures on lateral wall from above down Oculomotor(III) Trochlear(IV) Opthalmic(V1) Maxillary(V2) Trigeminal ganglion Passing through center of sinus Abducent(VI) nerve Internal carotid artery In short 3,4,5,6 are related to cavernous sinus. Incoming channels Superior opthalmic vein Inferior opthalmic vein …

Internal Iliac artery branches

Posted by admin on October 15, 2010 No comments

Anterior division Superior vesical artery(gives rise to artery of ductus deferens) Inferior vesical artery Inferior gluteal artery Obturator artery Middle rectal artery Internal pudental artery uterine artery Posterior division Iliolumbar artery Lateral sacral artery superior gluteal artery

Intercostal nerves

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Typical intercostal nerves -Supply only the intercostal space 1st and 2nd -Atypical 3,4,5,6-Typical intercostal nerves Lower 6 intercostal nerves supply abdomen also- so they are atypical Movements in thorax Bucket handle movement- Change in transverse diameter Pump handle movement of …

Anatomy of lung

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Surface markings of pleura. 8 th rib- in Anterior/Mid clavicular Line 10th rib- Mid axillary line 12th rib- Posteriorly Surface markings of Lung 6th rib- Ant/MCL 8th rib-MAL 10th rib-Posteriorly While doing thoracocentesis Don’t Pierce below the rib-VAN lies here …

Blood and nerve supply of heart

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Image via Wikipedia Arterial blood supply Right coronary artery Posterior descending artery Marginal artery Supplies Right atrium Right ventricle and post1/3rd of IV septum SA node AV node Left coronary artery Left anterior descending A Circumflex A Supplies Anterior part …

Structures peirced in thoracocentesis

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Skin Superficial fascia External intercostals Internal intercostals Innermost intercostals Endothoracic/simpson’s fascia Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Lung Structures covering abdomen I.Skin II.Superficial fascia Fatty layer of sup fascia(Campa’s fascia) Membraneous layer of sup fascia(Scarpa’s fascia) III.Muscle layer External oblique Internal oblique …

Development of kidney and reproductive system

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Mesonephric duct/Wolffian duct- Males Paramesonephric duct/Mullerian duct-Females Genital ridge-Ovary and testis Pronephros,mesonephros,metanephros. Metanephros gives rise to secretory/excretory part of kidney. Pronephros and mesonephros disappear. If ureteric bud and metanephros doesn’t fuse, agenesis of kidney occurs.

Branches Of Vagus

Posted by admin on October 1, 2010 No comments

Auricular branches-Cutaneous to ext ear Pharyngeal branch-All muscles of pharynx and soft palate except stylopharyngeus and tensor palati Superior Laryngeal N-Divides into internal and external branches C1-Internal branch of SL:Sensory to mucosa above vocal cords C2-External branch-Motor to inferior constrictor …

Ovum,Sperm,fertilization

Posted by admin on October 1, 2010 No comments

While Ovum is in the Ovary it is in Primary Oocyte stage. Just before ovulation meiosis takes place and Secondary Oocyte is formed and first Polar body expelled. The secondary Oocyte Immediately begins second Meiotic division but is arrested in …

Blood supply of palatine Tonsil.

Posted by admin on September 29, 2010 No comments

Arterial blood supply of Palatine tonsil is derived from branches of the external carotid artery. Principal artery is Tonsillar artery which is a branch of facial. Additional sources are: Ascending pharyngeal artery. Dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery Greater palatine …

Medical PG entrance preparation,study tips,mnemonics

Category Archives: Anatomy

Most Popular Posts

Categories

Categories

Blogroll

Archives

Meta