Category Archives: Community Medicine

Body Mass Index latest values to determine obesity.

Posted by on October 14, 2011 No comments

Body mass Index Underweight – <18.5 Normal – 18.5-24.9 Overweight >25 1.Preobese 25-29.9 2.Obese 1 -30 -34.9 3.Obese 2 – 35 -39.9 4.Morbid obesity >40 WHO has set some recommendations for Asians(to reduce the Obesity limit due to higher cardiovascular …

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CDC categories of potential agents of Bioterrorism.

Posted by on August 7, 2011 No comments

CDC has divided potential bioterrorism agents into 3 categories Category A, Cat B and Cat C. Category A Easily disseminated and result in high mortality, hence given the highest priority. Anthrax Botulism Plague Small Pox Tularemia Viral hemorrhagic fevers Lassa …

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The WHO treatment regimen for leprosy

Posted by on June 24, 2011 No comments

Leprosy is a highly infectious disease with low pathogenicity. It is made non infectious by treatment with Rifampicin for 3 weeks and Dapsone for 3 months. WHO recommendations for treatment of leprosy. Multibacillary leprosy 12 months treatment to be completed …

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Vision 2020:Right to sight

Posted by on May 3, 2011 2 comments

Vision 2020:Right to sight, is an internatioonal initiative started by WHO in 1999 along with Task force of International NGO’s. It aims at dealing with 5 major conditions which cause blindness. Cataract Childhood blindness Trachoma Refractive errors and low vision …

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Mosquitoes and their eggs

Posted by on December 21, 2010 4 comments

Anopheles Eggs- In flowing water,with lateral floats ,laid singly. Culex eggs- Raft shaped,in groups Aedes- Cigar shaped,in groups Mansoni -Star shaped,beneath around water plants. Anopheles larvae- Free living lie parallel to surface. Adult anopheles sits at an angle to the …

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Saturated and Unsaturated Oils

Posted by on October 18, 2010 No comments

Coconut Oil Butter Palmoil(MUFA-44) Cottonseed oil Margarine Groundnut Oil Soyabean Oil Sunflower seed Oil Safflower Oil Corn Oil Saturated fats Very bad for health.Content of saturated fats decreases from top to bottom in the list. So Cocunut Oil(92%),butter and Palmoil …

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Confusing terms In community medicine

Posted by on October 17, 2010 No comments

Control,Elimination,Eradication Control-Equilibrium between agent,host and environment.Different for different countries Elimination- Interruption of all transmission from a geographical area. eg:Measles and Polio eliminated from many western countries. Eradication- Extermination of the infectious agent from the face of earth eg:Small pox. Tip:Getting …

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Indexes in community medicine

Posted by on October 17, 2010 No comments

Physical Quality of Life Index(PQLI) Infant mortality rate Life expectancy at age 1 Literacy Score 0-100,best is given a score of 100 and worst 0.Average is taken,GDP is not taken into account. Tip: In PQLI Li is literacy! Human Development …

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Vaccines

Posted by on October 5, 2010 No comments

Live attenuated vaccines OPV MMR Hepatitis A Rota Virus Yellow fever Japanese Encephalitis All live attenuated vaccines are Contraindicated in Immunodeficiency Freeze dried vaccines BCG MMR Measles Rubella Hep A Varicell Rabies Inactivated JE Yellow fever Rotavirus Vaccines to be …

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Malaria features

Posted by on October 4, 2010 No comments

P.falciparum Malignant Tertian fever-occurs in 48 hour intervals Reticulocytes,normal and mature RBC’s are affected Banana shaped gametocyte,highest parasite burden,Mature ring trophozoites Maurers dots. Malignant tertian,cerebral malaria,blackwater fever(DIC and renal failure),Algid malaria(circulatory failure) P.Vivax Benign Tertian malaria Infects reticulocytes Schuffner’s dots,mature …

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Classification of mental retardation

Posted by on October 1, 2010 No comments

IQ=Mental Age/Chronological Age*100 Classification Mild MR———- 50-70 Moderate MR—35-49 Severe MR—–20-34 Profound—–<20

Vaccines

Posted by on October 1, 2010 No comments

BCG Danish 1331 strain used Diluent:Normal saline Intradermal Injection using tuberculin syringe. Mantoux test positive after 8-14 weeks after vaccination. DOSE:Strength of vaccine is 0.1mg in o.1ml volume of vaccine. Dose to newborn is 0.05ml. Contraindications:Generalized eczema,Infective dermatosis,Hypogammaglobulinaemia,Immune deficiency.

Measles and pertusis

Posted by on September 30, 2010 No comments

There are many similarities between measles and pertusis. Measles Caused by paramyxo virus(RNA ) Only source of infection is a case of measles No carriers Virus cannot survive outside the body Koplik’s spots. Rubella is less communicable than measles because …

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Vitamin A daily requirements and dose

Posted by on September 30, 2010 No comments

Retinol ,Retinal and retinoic acid are the three forms. Retinal is present in the rods and cones in retina. Children between 6 months to 1yr given-1 lakh IU Vit A Children between 1 yr and 6yrs- 2 Lakh IU Vit …

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Null hypothesis and P value

Posted by on September 30, 2010 No comments

Null hypothesis states that there is no significant diiference between the two values. P value indicates the probability of the Null hypothesis being true ie the difference is due to chance. By convention a null hypothesis is rejected if P<=.05 …

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Diseases caused by tick,mite,louse,flea

Posted by on September 22, 2010 No comments

Tick Soft tick Q fever Relapsing fever Hard tick Tick typhus Tick paralysis viral encephalitis viral hemorrhagic fever KFD Tularemia Human babesosis MITE Itch mite: Scabies Thrombuculid mite: Scrub typhus Rikettsial pox Louse Rhymes with blouse Epidemic typhus Relapsing fever …

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Mosquito bourne diseases

Posted by on September 22, 2010 No comments

Anopheles:Malaria Culex: Japanese encephalitis Bancroftian filariasis Westnile fever Inflammatory arthritis Mnemonic:On the way to my bank ,I saw a cute  Japanese mounted on an elephant floating through westnile. Aedes: Dengue Chikungunya Riftvalley fever Yellow fever Yellow chicken is  abundant in …

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Female Energy requirements

Posted by on September 16, 2010 No comments

Light work -1875 Moderate work-2225 Heavy work-2925 Extra energy requirements Pregnancy- +300 Lactation(First 6 months)- +550 Lactation(6-12 months) -+400

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