Category Archives: Nephrology

Why does nocturia occur in heartfailure?

Posted by on March 13, 2012 No comments

While taking case history in a cardiac failure patient, one of the most important points to be enquired is whether there is a history of nocturia in the patient. What is nocturia? The tendency of the patient to urinate excessively …

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Prerequisite for drugs to be eliminated by dialysis

Posted by on October 17, 2011 No comments

Drugs eliminated by dialysis have the following features Low molecular mass<500da High water solubility Low plasma protein binding Small volume of distribution Long half life High dialysis clearance relative to total body clearance Drugs which can be cleared by dialysis …

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Hyponatremia

Posted by on December 20, 2010 No comments

Osmolality All conditions causing hyponatremia are hypo osmolar except Pseudohyponatremia hyperlipidemia hypoproteinemia Hyperglycemia ECF volume Normal in SIADH,Adrenal insufficiency,Hypothyroidism Increased in Secondary hyperaldosteronism,CHF,Nephrotic syndrome,Cirrhosis Urine Sodium>20mmol/L Hypoaldosteronism,saltwasting nephropathy,recent diuretics SIADH Primary watergain followed by secondary Sodium gain Urine Osmolarity higher …

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Renal Tubular acidosis

Posted by on December 20, 2010 No comments

Type I RTA DCT- H+ secretion Low Urine pH cannot be reduced<5.5 even by NH4Cl Type II RTA PCT -  HCO3 reabsorption Low Fanconis syndrome-Swan neck PCT Type III RTA Autosomal recessive Carbonic Anhydrase defect Type IV RTA DCT- H+/K+ …

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