Parasites causing malabsorption in adults Giardia Lamblia E.Histolytica H.Nana Strongyloides Cyclospora Malabsorption in children G.Lamblia Isospora belli Cryptosporidium Ancylostoma duodenaLE E.Histolytica Capillaria phillipinensis Man is the defenitive host in most parasitic infections except in: Echinococcus granulosus Plasmodium Taenia Solium(man is …

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Can grow either as yeast or as mould depending on env conditions and temperature Usually yeast at body temperature(37C) and as filamentous forms at room temperature(27C) Blastomycetes Paracoccidiomyces Blastomyces Sporothrix Candida albicans(not other candida) Histoplasma capsulatum Penicillin marneffi

Nematodes Round worms Enterobius Vermicularis-Pin worm Ascaris Lumbricoids-Giant round worm Trichinella spiralis Trichiuris trichiura Dracunculus mediensis Onchocerca volvulus Loa loa Wuchereria bancrofti Toxocara canis Hook worms Strongyloides stercoralis Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Routes of infection Ingested:Enterobius,Ascaris,Trichinella,Trichiuris Cutaneous:Strongyloids,Ancylostoma,Necator(Hookworms) Cestodes/Tapeworms Tinea solium …

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Hepatitis A(Infectious hepatitis) RNA picorna virus Feco-oral route of infection Mild self limiting disease,active immunization available. Hepatitis B(Serum hepatitis) DNA hepadnavirus Parenteral/sexual transmission 1-2% mortality,95% cases resolve Primary HCC,cirrhosis Hepatitis C(Post transfusion hepatitis) RNA flavi virus Parenteral/Sexual transmission a/c disease …

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Gram positive rods,arranged in palisades V or L shaped formations,Cuneiform(chinese letter)pattern. Metachromatic granules(volutin,Babes ernst,polar granules) stained by -Alberts,Neisser’s,Ponder’s stains. Form black colonies on tellurite agar(in 2 days),grow rapidly in Loeffler’s serum slope Virulence factors-Diptheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis in cell. …

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gram positive rod,acidfast,stains red on zeihl Neilson staining due to high mycolic acid. Obligate aerobe,LJ medium for growth Produces Niacin Virulence factor:Cord factor allows growth in extended chains. Causes Pulmonary TB,primary disease affects lung bases, reactivation disease occur …

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Clostridia are one of those bacilli which are gram positive. Obligate anaerobes,spore forming and highly pleomorphic. Shows stately motility and have peritrichate flagella. Cl. Welchi and Cl.tetani type VI do not have peritrichate flagella. Clostridia are normal residents of GIT …

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Gram negative rod,Facultative anaerobic,motile,Oxidase negative Antigens:Somatic antigen O,capsular antigen K,Flagellar antigen H. Types Divided into 5 types. 1.Enteropathogenic Ecoli(EPEC) Non Invasive Adheres tightly to enterocytes using intimin leading to loss of microvilli. Causes infantile diarrhoea. 2.Enterotoxigenic Ecoli(ETEC) Noninvasive Most important …

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Bacillus anthracis Bamboo stick medusa head Inverted fir tree appearance Tip:Anthrax usually related to cow,imagine a cow tied to a fir tree/Bamboo. Bordetella Pertussis Thumb print Besected pearls Mercury drops Aluminium paint These are the typical appearances of pertussis Tip:Cough …

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Congo Red Amyloid Apple green birefringence in polarised light because of beta pleated sheets Giemsa Borrelia Plasmodium Trypanosomes Chlamydia. PAS Glycogen Mucopolysaccharides Used to diagnose whipples disease Zeihn Neilsen Acid fast baceria India Ink Cryptococcus neoformans Silver stain Fungi Legionella

Organisms which do not gram stain well These Rouges May Microscopically Lack Color. Treponema,Rickettsia,Mycobacteria,Mycoplasma,Legionella pneumophila,Chlamydia. Oh My no cellwall. Intracellular Organisms Obligate Intracellular Mycoplasma,Rickettsiae. RiCh organisms stay inside Facultative Intracellular Sally Myc and Bruce Neednot Live FreeLY. Salmonella,Mycobacterium,Brucella,Neisseria,Listeria,Franciscella,Legionella,Yersinia. Obligate anaerobes …

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Often confused topic. Mycoplasma. Smallest free living and self replicating  organism on lab media. Lack rigid cellwall, so highly pleomorphic. Bounded by triple layered membrane containing sterol, so they require sterol for growth. Easily pass through bacterial filters. Completely resistant …

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Piroplasmosis/texas fever-Babesia Katayama disease-Schistosoma Japonicum Omsk fever-flaviviridae Gaol fever-rick prowazaki Pink eye-H.egipticus Bagdad sore/delhi boil/oriental sore-leishmania tropica carrions disease/peruvian wart-bartonella bacilliformis hebra nose-K.Rhinosleromatis milkers node-paravaccinia vagabonds disease-pediculosis corporis buruli ulcer-Myc.Ulcerans Coconut cake rectum-Trichiuris trichura Pseudohemoptysis-serratia walking pneumonia-myc.pneumonia pontiac fever-legionella weils …

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