Wilms tumour Also known as nephroblastoma. Wilms tumour is the most common primary renal tumour in children. Usually wilms tumour is a solitary,well circumscribed lesion,but 10% is bilateral or multicentric. Triphasic combination of epithelial,stromal and blastemal elements. 5% show anaplasia …
Category Archives: Pathology
Metastatic calification Vs Dystrophic calcification
Posted by admin on June 8, 2011 No comments
Metastatic Calcification Due to deranged Calcium metabolism Increased calcium concentration in serum Mitochondria are the organelle first involved Alkaline PH favours precipitation of calcium salts Sites involved in metastatic calcification are: Alveolar wall of lungs(Most common site) Basement membrane and …
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Posted by admin on May 25, 2011 No comments
Microscopic appearances of RBC’s in specific diseases
Posted by admin on March 16, 2011 No comments
Examination of peripheral smear often provides valuable clues for diagnosis of specific disease conditions. Appearances of RBC’s on peripheral smear can be useful in diagnosing conditions listed below Spherocytes Autoimmuune hemolysis Hereditary spherocytosis Post splenectomy DIC Clostridium Welchii septicemia Burns …
HLA’s associated with specific diseases
Posted by admin on March 16, 2011 No comments
Multiple myeloma
Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments
Durie and Salmon myeloma diagnostic criteria Major criteria Plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy Bonemarrow plasmacytosis with 30% plasma cells Monoclonal globulin spike(M spike) on Serum protein electrophoresis(SPEP):IgG>3.5g%,IgA>2g%,light chain excretion on UPEP>=1g/24hr in absence of amyloidosis Minor criteria Bonemarrow plasmacytosis with 10-30% …
Polyposis syndromes
Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments
Autosomal dominant GI polyposis syndromes High malignant potential These are histologically adenomas Familial polyposis Coli Large Intestine Gardner’s syndrome Large intestine>SI. Also associated with Osteomas Lipomas Fibromas Epidermal cyst Ampullary ca Desmoid Turcot’s sydrome LI, associated with brain tumours. Low …
Antinuclear antibodies
Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments
Anti ds DNA antibody-SLE Anti histone antibody-Drug induced SLE Anti sm antibody/antibody to core protein of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein/anti smith antigen-SLE SSa(Ro) and SSb(La)-Antibodies to ribonucleoprotein antigens-Sjogren syndrome Ab of ribonucleoprotein antigen containing ULRNP-Mixed connective tissue disease Anti DNA topoisomerase …
Pathological bodies
Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments
*Michaelis Gutmann bodies-Malakoplakia *Verocay bodies- Neurilemmoma *Civatte ( colloid ) bodies- Lichen Planus *Hireno bodies- Alzhiemer’s disease *Cell Exner bodies- Granulosa Cell Tumour *Russell’s bodies ( cytoplasmic inclusions )- Multiple Myeloma *Moot bodies- Multiple Myeloma *Aschoff bodies- Rheumatic Fever ( …
Vasculitis
Posted by admin on November 15, 2010 No comments
Infectious/Non infectious in origin Noninfectious Vasculitis The main immunologic mechanisms that initiate noninfectious vasculitis are (1) immune complex deposition, (2) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), and (3) anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Large-Vessel Vasculitis (Aorta and Large Branches to Extremities, Head, and Neck) …
FAB classification of AML
Posted by admin on October 18, 2010 No comments
8 types Mo- Minimally differentiated AML M1- AML without maturation M2-Most common t(8:21) M3-Promyelocytic leukemia t(15:17)multiple Auer rods,DIC M4-Acute myelomonocytic,both myeloblasts and monoblasts seen,inversion 16 M5-A/c monocytic leukemia t(9:11)high incidence of organomegaly,tissue infiltration and lymphadenopathy M6-A/c erythroid leukemia,Di gugliemo d/s,abnormal …
Translocations and associated tumours
Posted by admin on October 15, 2010 No comments
Sarcomas t(11:22) Ewings sarcoma family Classical Ewings sarcoma PNET Askins tumour t(12:22) Clear cell sarcoma Malignant melanoma of soft tissues t(12:16) Myxoid liposarcoma t(2:13) Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma t(x:18) Synovial cell sarcoma Lymphomas t(11:14)-Mantle cell lymphoma t(14:18)- Follicular lymphoma t(8:14)- Burkitts lymphoma(B …
Amyloidosis
Posted by admin on October 15, 2010 No comments
Deposition of Amyloid in tissues Amyloid proteins AL/Amyloid light chain Derived from plasma cells and contain immunoglobulin light chains Associated with primary amyloidosis Multiple myeloma, Monoclonal B cell proliferation AA/Amyloid associated protein Non immunoglobulin protein synthesized by Reticulo endothelial cells …
Antigen presenting cells
Posted by admin on October 15, 2010 No comments
Nephritic Syndromes
Posted by admin on September 27, 2010 No comments
Hematuria Hypertension Oliguria Azotemia Acute Post Streptococcal GN LM-Glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular with neutrophils. Lumpy bumpy IF-Granular starry sky pattern EM-subepithelial deposits of Ig G and C3 Occurs 2 weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis/Pyoderma. Low C3,normal C4 High ASO titer Self …
Nephrotic syndromes
Posted by admin on September 27, 2010 No comments
Minimal change disease/Lipoid nephrosis EM-fusion and effacement of epithelial foot processes. MC cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Treated with corticosteroids. Good prognosis Membranous Glomerulonephritis LM-diffuse capillary and GBM thickening. EM-Spike and dome pattern of basement membrane thickening. MC cause of …
Thyroid carcinoma
Posted by admin on September 27, 2010 No comments
Papillary carcinoma Affects columnar cells of thyroid gland Most common type 80% Common in younger age group Slow growing nodule,metastasis to cervical LN Orphan annie(groundglass)nuclei. Psammoma bodies. Increased incidence in radiation exposure Excellent prognosis Follicular carcinoma Affects cuboid cells in …
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Posted by admin on September 24, 2010 No comments
Rosettes
Posted by admin on September 24, 2010 No comments
Retinoblastoma-Flexner wintersteiner rosette-True rosette Mnemonic:RFT Neuroblastoma-Homer wrights rosette-Pseudorosette Both these are found in both the above diseases. Ependymoma-Perivascular pseudorosette Fluerette-Photoreceptor, specific sign of Retinoblastoma. In detail Flexner wintersteiner rosette A halo of cells surrounding an empty central hub, cytoplasmic projections …
Intracranial tumours
Posted by admin on September 23, 2010 No comments
Multiple Endocrine neoplasia
Posted by admin on September 21, 2010 No comments
Autosomal dominant syndromes. Two types MEN-I and MEN-II MEN-I(Wermer Syndrome) MEN-1 gen Pituitary adenoma Pancreatic tumours Parathyroid hyperplasia insulinoma,glucogonoma,gastnoma,VIPoma. Wemer morrison’s syndrome/watery diarrhoea syndrome:Pancreatic diarrhoea MEN-II RET gene MEN-II A(Sipple’s syndrome) Associated with Parathyroid hyperplasia Medullary thyroid carcinoma pheochromocytoma MEN …
Lung cancer types.
Posted by admin on September 16, 2010 No comments
Image by Pulmonary Pathology via Flickr 2 central and 2 peripheral. Squamous cell carcinoma and Small cell carcinoma——->>Central Adenocarcinoma and Large cell carcinoma—————–>>peripheral Squamous cell Ca Cavitating,Cigarette,Central. Hilar mass arising from bronchus,extend directly to hilar LN,Parathyroid like cativity(hypercalcemia,dermatomyositis).Keratin pearls and …
