Fluoroquinolones act by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis of bacteria.These drugs inhibits the action of DNA gyrase(Topoisomerase II) and Topoisomerase IV which are essential for removing supercoils formed during DNA replication,when replication fork proceeds downstream
Category Archives: Pharmacology
Anti tumour Monoclonal antibodies
Posted by admin on July 19, 2011 No comments
Anti arrythmic drugs classification
Posted by admin on May 25, 2011 No comments
Adverse effects of Amioderone
Posted by admin on February 25, 2011 1 comment
Selective Beta1 blockers
Posted by admin on February 25, 2011 No comments
Anti tubercular drugs
Posted by admin on February 25, 2011 No comments
Drugs causing Pancreatitis
Posted by admin on February 22, 2011 No comments
Corticosteroids
Posted by admin on December 20, 2010 No comments
Zona Glomerulosa-Mineralocorticoids Zona Fasciculata-Glucocorticoids Zona Reticularis-Sex corticoids GFR from outside to inside. Points to remember Maximum glucocorticoid activity- Dexamethasone Maximum mineralocorticoid activity- Aldosterone Glucocorticoid with maximum mineralocorticoid action-Hydrocortisone Least potent Glucocorticoid- Cortisone Most potent Glucocorticoid- Betamethasone Selective mineralocorticoid action(zero glucocorticoid …
General anaesthetics
Posted by admin on December 17, 2010 No comments
Local anaesthetics
Posted by admin on December 17, 2010 No comments
Classification Ester LA’s Cocaine(first used LA) Procaine(LA of choice in malignant hyperthermia) chlorprocaine(Shortest acting) Tetracaine Benzocaine Amide LA’s Lignocaine Prilocaine(Methemoglobinemia) Bupivacaine(Most cardiotoxic) Dibucaine(Longest acting) Mepivacaine Etidocaine Ropivacaine Properties of LA’s All LA’s are weak bases,so sodium bicarbonate speeds up the …
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Posted by admin on December 16, 2010 No comments
Drugs causing methemoglobinemia
Posted by admin on December 16, 2010 No comments
Cephalosporins
Posted by admin on November 25, 2010 No comments
First generation Parenteral: Cephalothin,cefazolin Oral: Cephalexin,cefadroxil,cefaridine Acts on gram positive cocci Second generation Parenteral: Cefuroxime,cefoxitin Oral: Cefaclor,Cefuroxime Most active against gram negative organisms cefuroxime higher CSF concentration Third generation Parenteral: Cefotaxime,ceftizoxime,ceftriaxone,ceftazidime,cefoperazone Oral: Cefixime,Cefpodoxime,cefdinir Highly active against gram negative enterobacteriacea Ceftyazidime …
ACE inhibitors
Posted by admin on November 25, 2010 No comments
Alkylating agents
Posted by admin on November 25, 2010 No comments
Transfer alkyl groups to various cellular constituents causing cell death. Alkylating agens—->cyclization—->Immonium ion/cabonium ion—–>transfer alkyl group. Major site of alkylation is N7 position of guanine with DNA. There are five major categories of alkylating agents. Nitrogen mustards Cyclophosphamide Mechlorethamine Chlorambucil …
Digitalis toxicity
Posted by admin on November 25, 2010 No comments
Precipitated by: Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Renal insufficiency Advanced age Myxoedema Hypoxia Acute MI Hypercalcemia Thyrotoxicosis Quinidine and calcium channel blockers Furosemide,thiazide,amphotericin B cause hypokalemia Note that all the factors precipitating digitalis toxicity are hypo states except hypercalcemia and thyrotoxicosis. Digitalis toxicity …
Cholinergic and anticholinergic
Posted by admin on November 19, 2010 No comments
Organophosphates and Atropine comparison Organophosphates are classical cholinergics. Cholinergics (eg: organophosphates) effects If you know these, you will be “LESS DUMB”: Lacrimation Excitation of nicotinic synapses Salivation Sweating Diarrhea Urination Micturition Bronchoconstriction Atropine is the classical anticholinergic So anticholinergic overdose …
Drugs increasing QT interval
Posted by admin on November 11, 2010 No comments
Drugs and Pharmacokinetic interactions
Posted by admin on November 11, 2010 No comments
Antacids Bile acid sequestrants Reduced absorption Antacids/tetracyclines Cholestryamine/digoxin Proton pump inhibitors H2-receptor blockers Altered gastric pH Ketoconazole absorption decreased Rifampin Carbamazepine Barbiturates Phenytoin St. John’s wort Glutethimide Induction of hepatic metabolism Decreased concentration and effects of warfarin quinidine cyclosporine losartan …
CYP3A inhibitors
Posted by admin on November 11, 2010 No comments
Mechanism of action of drugs
Posted by admin on October 5, 2010 No comments
I.Cellwall synthesis Inhibitors 1.Beta lactams Penicillins and cephalosporins Inhibit cell wall cross linking. 2.Vancomycin 3.Bacitracin II.Inhibitors of protein synthesis Bind to 50 S subunit Macrolides-Erythromycin Lincosamides-Clindamycin Chloramphenicol Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Linezolid Bind to 30S subunit Tetracycline-Binds to 30 S subunit Aminoglycosides-Gentamycin-Bind to …
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Posted by admin on October 1, 2010 No comments
Opioid’s
Posted by admin on September 29, 2010 No comments
Anti Tuberculosis drugs.
Posted by admin on September 27, 2010 No comments
Isoniazid(INH) Inhibits mycolic acid cellwall synthesis via oxygen dependent pathways. Bactericidal to both extracellular and intracellular organism SE:Peripheral neuritis,seizures,hepatitis,optic neuritis,hemolysis in G6PD deficiency,SLE like syndrome. Pyridoxine 10mg orally given as prophylaxis for optic neuritis. INH-Is Hepatotoxic and Neurotoxic. Rifampicin Blocks …
Enzyme Inducers and Inhibitors
Posted by admin on September 16, 2010 No comments
Enzyme Inducers Enzyme Inducers increase the metabolism of other drugs. Mnemonic:GPRSCell Phone G-Griseofulvin P-Phenytoin R-Rifampicin S-Smoking Cell-Carbamazepine Phone-Phenobarbitone As you can see most of the antiepileptic drugs cause enzyme Induction,just like inducing an episode of epilepsy! Enzyme Inhibitors Decrease the …
