Category Archives: Surgery

Classification of surgical wounds

Posted by admin on March 10, 2012 No comments

Surgical wounds are classified based on the presumed magnitude of the bacterial load at the time of surgery. Class I-Clean Wounds Clean wounds are those wounds in which no infection is present.Only skin microflora contaminate the wound and no hollow …

Phylloides tumour

Posted by admin on September 29, 2011 No comments

Phylloides tumour is also called serocystic disease of Broide or cystosarcoma phylloides. The name Cystosarcoma phylloides is a misnomer because,it is not cystic and rarely develops into sarcoma. Phylloides tumour is a benign stromal breast tumour. Seen in older women …

Medical treatment of Gall stones.

Posted by admin on August 24, 2011 1 comment

Gallbladder stones can be treated both by medical and surgical methods.Medical treatment of gallstones is indicated when the stones are small and radiolucent and surgical treatment is usually employed when gallstones are large and radio opaque. Medical treatment of Gall …

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Posted by admin on July 20, 2011 No comments

Systemic Inflammatory response syndrome abbreviated as SIRS, can be caused either by infection or can be due to non infectious causes. SIRS is nonspecific and can be caused by ischemia, inflammation, trauma, infection, or a combination of several insults. SIRS …

Features of Insulinoma,diagnosis and treatment

Posted by admin on June 8, 2011 No comments

Features of Insulinoma are: Occur exclusively in the pancreas 90% are benign(10% Malignant) 90% Solitary(10% multiple) 90% <2cm in size(10%>2cm size) Whipple’s triad Fasting hypoglycemia Blood glucose level <50mg/dl Symptoms relieved by glucose intake Diagnosed by: Increased C Peptide levels …

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Posted by admin on May 25, 2011 No comments

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is also called cylindroma . Constitute 10% of all salivary neoplasm 65% of minor salivary gland tumours are malignant, of them 40% are adenoid cystic carcinomas. Most common malignant tumour of minor salivary glands Seen equally in …

Brilliantly transilluminant swellings

Posted by admin on May 25, 2011 No comments

Vaginal hydrocele Epididymal cyst Cystic hygroma Ranula Meningocele

Types of renal calculi and their properties.

Posted by admin on May 4, 2011 1 comment

Calcium Oxalate Calculus Most common renal calculi Hard and small Phosphate calculus Smooth, white and solitary. Triple phosphate calculus-Calcium Ammonium magnesium phosphate/struvite calculus. Staghorn calculus- When they fill all or most of renal pelvis. Seen in alkaline urine especially with …

Barium study findings in various gastrointestinal diseases.

Posted by admin on March 23, 2011 No comments

Barium swallow findings Bird beak appearance – Achalasia cardia Rat tail appearance – Achalasia cardia Corkscrew esophagus – Diffuse esophageal spasm Curling esophagus – Diffuse esophageal spasm Nut crackers esophagus – Diffuse esophageal spasm Barium meal findings String sign – …

Extradural vs subdural haematoma

Posted by admin on March 22, 2011 No comments

Extradural haematoma Arterial blood accumulates between skull and dura Middle meningeal artery rupture following temporal bone fracture Characterised by Lucid interval. On CT scan Extradural haematoma appears as a CONVEX hyperdense mass if it is acute EDH. Extradural haematoma is …

Testicular tumours

Posted by admin on November 20, 2010 No comments

Seminomatous Non seminomatous Embryonal(20%) Teratocarcinoma(30%) Teratoma Choriocarcinoma Seminomas are the most common testicular tumours(40%) second most common teratomas(32%) Testicular tumours are usually seen in the younger age group(20-45) Teratoma(25-35) Seminoma(35-45) Testicular tumours can be bilateral. 15%familial and 5%sporadic testicular tumours …

Salivary gland tumours

Posted by admin on November 20, 2010 No comments

Pleomorphic adenoma/Mixed tumour Commonest salivary gland tumour Causes 70% parotid tumours and accounts for 50% of salivary gland tumours in total. Benign Most common benign salivary gland tumour Slow growing Not associated with calculi Tip:90% minor salivary gland tumours are …

Salivary glands and pathologies

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Image via Wikipedia There are three pairs of salivary glands,one on either side. Parotid gland Largest SG,predominantly serous secretion Parotid duct/Stenson’s duct -Opens opposite to upper second molar tooth. Secretion of saliva by the parotid gland is controlled by presynaptic …

Levels of Lymphnodes on neck

Posted by admin on October 11, 2010 No comments

Level I- Submandibular and sublingual triangle Level II- Laterally from skull base upto hyoid bone(bifurcation of common carotid) Level III-Bifurcation of CC to cricoid cartilage(Omohyoid tendon) Level IV- Omohyoid tendon to clavicle Level V- Posterior triangle of neck Level VI-Anterior …

Thyroid carcinoma

Posted by admin on September 27, 2010 No comments

Papillary carcinoma Affects columnar cells of thyroid gland Most common type 80% Common in younger age group Slow growing nodule,metastasis to cervical LN Orphan annie(groundglass)nuclei. Psammoma bodies. Increased incidence in radiation exposure Excellent prognosis Follicular carcinoma Affects cuboid cells in …

Master Of Medicine

Medical PG entrance preparation,study tips,mnemonics