First generation
Parenteral: Cephalothin,cefazolin
Oral: Cephalexin,cefadroxil,cefaridine
Acts on gram positive cocci
Second generation
Parenteral: Cefuroxime,cefoxitin
Oral: Cefaclor,Cefuroxime
Most active against gram negative organisms
cefuroxime higher CSF concentration
Third generation
Parenteral: Cefotaxime,ceftizoxime,ceftriaxone,ceftazidime,cefoperazone
Oral: Cefixime,Cefpodoxime,cefdinir
Highly active against gram negative enterobacteriacea
Ceftyazidime and cefoperazone antipseudomonal
ceftazidime+aminoglycoside-TOC for pseudomonas
Forth generation
Parenteral: cefepime,Cefpirome.
No oral agents.
General properties
- Cephalosporins excreted primarily by kidney require dose reduction in renal impairment
- Cefpiramide,ceftriaxone,cefoperazone excreted predominantly by bile.
- Cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,cefepime useful in meningitis(penetrate BBB)
- No cephalosporins active against Enterococcus fecalis,MRSA,listeria
- Cephaloridine-Most nephrotoxic cephalosporin
- Disulfuram like reaction- Cefamandole,cefotetan,cefoperazone.
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