Trousseau’s Sign
Trousseau’s Sign of latent tetany-To elicit the sign, a blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated to a pressure greater than the systolic blood pressure and held in place for 3 minutes. This will occlude the brachial artery. In the absence of blood flow, the patient’s hypocalcemia and subsequent neuromuscular irritability will induce spasm of the muscles of the hand and forearm. The wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints flex, the DIP and PIP joints extend, and the fingers adduct. The sign is also known as main d’accoucheur (French for “hand of the obstetrician“) because it supposedly resembles the position of an obstetrician’s hand in delivering a baby.
Trousseau’s sign of malignancy– Migratory thromboplebitis, due to hypercoagulable states.Seen in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and lung
The Chvostek sign-
(also Weiss sign) is one of the signs of tetany seen in hypocalcemia. It refers to an abnormal reaction to the stimulation of the facial nerve. When the facial nerve is tapped at the angle of the jaw (i.e. masseter muscle), the facial muscles on the same side of the face will contract momentarily (typically a twitch of the nose or lips) because of hypocalcaemia (ie from hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypovitaminosis D) with resultant hyperexcitability of nerves. Though classically described in hypocalcaemia, this sign may also be encountered in respiratory alkalosis, such as that seen in hyperventilation, which actually causes decreased serum Ca2+ with a normal calcium level due to a shift of Ca2+ from the blood to albumin which has become more negative in the alkalotic state.
Chvostek’s sign may also be present in hypomagnesemia, frequently seen in alcoholics, persons with diarrhea, patients taking aminoglycosides or diuretics, because hypomagnesemia can cause hypocalcemia. Magnesium is a cofactor for Adenylate Cyclase. The reaction that Adenylate Cyclase catalyzes is the conversion of ATP to 3′,5′-cyclic AMP. The 3′,5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP) is required for Parathyroid hormone activation.
Target sign/Bulls eye sign
Seen in Congenital/infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis
Double bubble sign
Radiological appearance of Duodenal atresia,annular pancreas
Triple bubble sign
Jejunal atresia
Duodenal cutoff sign
Barium meal finding in superior mesenteric syndrome and in duodenal ileus
Colon Cutoff sign
Acute pancreatitis
Central dot sign
Pneumatic tyre sign
Sigmoid volvulus
Omega sign
Sigmoid volvulus
Boas sign
Acute Cholecystitis
Signs in appendicitis
1.Pointing sign
2.Rovsing sign
3.Copes sign
4.Bastede’s sign
5.Alder’s sign-Shifting tenderness
Pincer Sign
String sign of Kantor
Coning sign
Congenital megacolon
Albers sign
Tear drop Sign
In trapdoor fracture of inferior wall of orbit, coronal section of orbit shows that the eyeball has migrated into the maxillary sinus appearing as a drop.
Bear track sign- Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
Homan Sign– Calf tenderness on dorsiflexion of ankle
Robert sign -appearance of gas in great vessels,the surest sign of IUD
maxwell lyon sign – vernal conjunctivitis
Litten’s sign -is diaphragmatic movement seen on one side but not the other side in unilateral phrenic nerve palsy
Markle sign is jar tenderness in abdomen from heel drop as a localizing sign of peritoneal irritation
Pratt’s sign is in deep vein thrombosis – presence of three dilated veins or sentinel veins over the tibia; dilatation persists when legs are elevated to 45 degrees
1-Stallworthy sign is to diffrentiate proptosis of thyrotoxicosis and of retroorbital tumours. In thyrotoxicosis you can evert upper eye lid but in case of retro orbital tumors one cant evert eyelid-rxpg se liya
2-Slowing / irregular fetal heart rate on pressing the head down I to the pelvis and prompt recovery on release of pressure is termed Stallworthy’s sign in case of posterior placenta praevia, particularly with low insertion of cord, due to compression of placental vessels from fetal head
Adson’s sign is in thoracic outlet syndrome – decrease in ipsilateral radial pulse and/or presence of subclavian bruit while patient extending neck maximally – rotating head towards side being tested – and holding breath
Dalrymple sign is retraction of the upper eyelid in Graves’s disease – causing abnormal wideness of the palpebral fissure
Winterbottom’s sign is in West African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness – caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense – humans primary reservoir) – classic finding of posterior cervical triangle lymphadenopathy
Kanavel’s sign is four signs of tenosynovitis: 1. affected finger held in slight flexion; 2. pain over volar aspect of affected finger tendon upon palpation; 3. swelling of affected finger; 4. pain on passive extension of affected finger
D’Espine’s sign is breath sounds louder over C7 than adjacent lung – suggests lesion in posterior mediastinum – e.g. lymphoma – tuberculosis – etc.
Signs of Pregnancy
Placental sign– Bleeding at the time of next menstruation
Hartman sign– Implantation bleeding
Jacquemier’s sign(Chadwick’s sign) -Blue hue of vagina
Osiander’s sign – Increased pulsation felt through lateral fornix by 8 weeks.
Goodell’s sign – Softening of cervix
Piskacek’s sign – One half more firm than other half(site of implantation)
Hegar’s sign – Upper part of body of uterus enlarged,lower part empty(6-10wks)
Palmer’s sign – Rhythmic uterine contraction during bimanual examination
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