Types of renal calculi and their properties.
Posted by admin
on May 4, 2011
Calcium Oxalate Calculus
- Most common renal calculi
- Hard and small
Phosphate calculus
- Smooth, white and solitary.
- Triple phosphate calculus-Calcium Ammonium magnesium phosphate/struvite calculus.
- Staghorn calculus- When they fill all or most of renal pelvis.
- Seen in alkaline urine especially with proteus infection.
Uric acid and urate calculus.
- Radioluscent.
- Form in acidic urine
- Most responsive to lithotripsy.
Cystein calculi
- Uncommon,seen in cystinuria.
- Appear inacidic urine.
- Extremely hard, resistant to ESWL.
Xanthine calculi
- Radioluscent
- Secondary to congenital deficiency of xanthine oxidase.
Indinavir calculi
- Radioluscent.
- Due to Indinavir use in 6% patients who use it.
Silicate stones
- Rare
- Associated with long term use of antacids containing silica
Triamterene stones
- Radioluscent, rare.
- Associated with antihyypertensive medications containing triamterene.
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